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Artist's conception of gamma-ray flash and related phenomena. The red dots show some of the ~500 terrestrial gamma-ray flashes daily detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope through 2010. A terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF), also known as dark lightning, is a burst of gamma rays produced in Earth's atmosphere.
Among the most significant discoveries of last years was the measurement of electron and gamma-ray energy spectra of thunderstorm ground enhancements (TGEs), the key evidence of developing relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREA) in the thunderous atmosphere (Chilingarian et al., 2024b, Starr, 2024).
Representation of upper-atmospheric lightning and electrical-discharge phenomena. Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) is a project led by the European Space Agency to place cameras and X-ray/γ-ray detectors on the International Space Station to observe the upper atmosphere in order to study sprites, jets and elves and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes in connection with thunderstorms. [1]
"Gamma-ray bursts are so bright we can see them from billions of light-years away, which means they occurred billions of years ago, and we see them as they looked then", stated Charles Meegan of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. [73] The Gamma-ray Burst Monitor has detected gamma rays from positrons generated in powerful thunderstorms. [58]
Such interactions generate an afterglow in X-ray frequencies, usually seen as concentric rings of scattered X-rays with the gamma ray burst at the center. GRB 221009A is only the seventh gamma-ray burst known to have generated these rings, [ 10 ] and as of March 2023, a record twenty X-ray afterglow rings had been identified around the burst ...
Either a long-duration burst in which the presence of a bright supernova is ruled out, or a short-duration burst with extremely long-lasting gamma-ray emission. GRB 080319B: z = 0.937: Swift: The most (optically) luminous event of any nature observed in the universe to date. By far the brightest optical afterglow of any gamma-ray burst. GRB 080916C
A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol γ), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves, typically shorter than those of X-rays.
The primary objective of the BATSE experiment was the study of gamma-ray bursts. The BATSE experiment also serendipitously discovered terrestrial gamma-ray flashes above thunderstorms. [5] The Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Team at the National Space Science and Technology Center in Huntsville continues to examine data from BATSE. [6]