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Lamotrigine is known to affect sleep. Studies with small numbers of patients (10–15) reported that lamotrigine increases the duration of REM sleep , decreases the number of phase shifts, and decreases the duration of slow-wave sleep , [ 65 ] and that there was no effect on vigilance , [ 66 ] daytime somnolence and cognitive function. [ 67 ]
The term benzodiazepine is the chemical name for the heterocyclic ring system (see figure to the right), which is a fusion between the benzene and diazepine ring systems. [191] Under Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature, a diazepine is a heterocycle with two nitrogen atoms, five carbon atom and the maximum possible number of cumulative double bonds.
A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse. The cell receiving the signal, or target cell, may be another neuron, but could also be a gland or muscle cell .
Benzodiazepines bind to a specific benzodiazepine receptor, thereby enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and causing CNS depression. In overdose situations this pharmacological effect is extended leading to a more severe CNS depression and potentially coma [ 13 ] or cardiac arrest. [ 15 ]
The following neurotransmitter/receptor interactions can be affected by synthetic compounds that act as one of the three above. Sodium/potassium ion channels can also be manipulated throughout a neuron to induce inhibitory effects of action potentials. [citation needed]
In rare cases, people taking escitalopram may be advised to take a benzodiazepine along with the medication for the first few weeks, as benzodiazepines can help reduce the early adverse effects of ...
Several efficient benzodiazepines offer choices about dosage form, length of action, metabolic interaction and safety. Benzodiazepines function by binding to the benzodiazepine site on most, but not all, GABA A receptors. GABA A modulation by benzodiazepine site agonists is self-limiting. The channel conductance is not higher in the presence of ...
Lorazepam. Sold under the brand name Ativan®, lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety in some cases. Oxazepam. As a generic and the brand names drugs Serax and Zaxopam, oxazepam is used to ...