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Thus, the concept of executive function must be broad enough to include anatomical structures that represent a diverse and diffuse portion of the central nervous system. The cerebellum also appears to be involved in mediating certain executive functions, as do the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra .
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord, comprises the central nervous system. It consists of the cerebrum , the brainstem and the cerebellum . The brain controls most of the activities of the body , processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sensory nervous ...
Ventricular system – set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid which bathes and cushions the brain and spinal cord within the skull Cranial nerve – neuron bundles that connect to the brain on one end, and to locations outside the brain on the other, without having a junction inside the spinal column
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head ( cephalization ), usually near organs for special senses such as vision , hearing and olfaction .
Simplified diagram of frontal cortex to striatum to thalamus pathways. There are five defined frontostriatal circuits: motor and oculomotor circuits originating in the frontal eye fields are involved in motor functions; while dorsolateral prefrontal, orbital frontal, and anterior cingulate circuits are involved in executive functions, social behavior and motivational states. [2]
The PNS includes motor neurons, mediating voluntary movement; the autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system and regulating involuntary functions; and the enteric nervous system, a semi-independent part of the nervous system whose function is to control the gastrointestinal system.
The salience network is theorised to mediate switching between the default mode network and frontoparietal network (central executive network). [1] [2] [3]The frontoparietal network (FPN), generally also known as the central executive network (CEN) or, more specifically, the lateral frontoparietal network (L-FPN) (see Nomenclature), is a large-scale brain network primarily composed of the ...
Consequently, the left side of the forebrain mostly represents the right side of the body, and the right side of the brain primarily represents the left side of the body. The contralateral organization involves both executive and sensory functions (e.g., a left-sided brain lesion may cause a right-sided hemiplegia).