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This condition can be very painful, especially when progressing to adhesive arachnoiditis. Adhesive arachnoiditis occurs when inflammation leads to recruitment of cells to the area and fibrous exudate, and ensuing deposition of collagen forms bands that could cause ischemia or even atrophy of the spinal cord or nerve roots.
Arthrofibrosis (from Greek: arthro-joint, fibrosis – scar tissue formation) has been described in most joints like knee, hip, ankle, foot joints, shoulder (frozen shoulder, adhesive capsulitis), elbow (stiff elbow), wrist, hand joints as well as spinal vertebrae. [1] [2] It can occur after injury or surgery or may arise without an obvious ...
The axons of nerve cells are surrounded by various connective tissue layers and bundled together in a structure called a nerve fiber. At the surface of a nerve fiber is a tissue layer called the epineurium or sometimes external epineurium. Within the epineurium there is a connective tissue matrix called the internal epineurium and fascicles.
[83] [84] One especially poorly understood form of neuropathy was a delayed onset nerve palsy, called tardy nerve palsy. [85] While some cases of tardy nerve palsy could be ascribed to obvious causes such a structural lesion (e.g. broken wrist) or tumors causing compression, many cases of tardy nerve palsy had no clear cause and so were deemed ...
This process of tissue repair is a complex one, with tight regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation ensuring maintenance of normal tissue architecture. However, the entire process, although necessary, can lead to a progressive irreversible fibrotic response if tissue injury is severe or repetitive, or if the wound ...
Failed Back Syndrome (abbreviated as FBS) is a condition characterized by chronic pain following back surgeries. [1] [2] The term "post-laminectomy syndrome" is sometimes used by doctors to indicate the same condition as failed back syndrome. [3]
Traumatic neuroma follows different forms of nerve injury (often as a result of surgery). They occur at the end of injured nerve fibres as a form of ineffective, unregulated nerve regeneration; it occurs most commonly near a scar, either superficially (skin, subcutaneous fat) or deep (e.g., after a cholecystectomy). They are often very painful.
Complex regional pain syndrome is a multifactorial disorder with clinical features of neurogenic inflammation (inflammation mediated by nerve cells), nociceptive sensitisation (which causes extreme sensitivity or allodynia), vasomotor dysfunction (blood flow problems which cause swelling and discolouration) and maladaptive neuroplasticity ...