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Discrimination also impacts health by inducing negative emotions and lowering self-control, [7] which in turn increases participation in unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, [15] [16] alcohol and substance use, [17] reduced physical activity, [11] and overeating.
They experience discrimination in the realms of employment and housing. [10] Perceived prejudice and discrimination is also associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. [11] Young people who experience stigma associated with mental health difficulties may face negative reactions from their peer group.
Gender discrimination may encompass sexism and is discrimination toward people based on their gender identity [71] or their gender or sex differences. [72] Gender discrimination is especially defined in terms of workplace inequality. [72] It may arise from social or cultural customs and norms. [73]
Racial discrimination is a term used to describe attitudes, actions, or policies that function to (1) keep physical distance between racially privileged groups and racially underprivileged groups (e.g., a white person crossing the road when they see a person of color walking in their direction at night) and/or (2) ensure that people with ...
Societal racism is a type of racism based on a set of institutional, historical, cultural and interpersonal practices within a society that places one or more social or ethnic groups in a better position to succeed and disadvantages other groups so that disparities develop between the groups. [1]
Internalized oppression occurs as a result of psychological injury caused by external oppressive events (e.g., harassment and discrimination), and it has a negative impact on individuals' self system (e.g., self-esteem, self-image, self-concept, self-worth, and self-regulation). [5]
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Structural discrimination is a form of institutional discrimination against individuals of a given protected characteristic, such as race, gender, caste, which has the effect of restricting their opportunities.