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The word Aztec in modern usage would not have been used by the people themselves. It has variously been used to refer to the Aztecs or Triple Alliance, the Nahuatl-speaking people of central Mexico prior to the Spanish conquest, or specifically the Mexica ethnicity of the Nahuatl-speaking tribes (from tlaca). [7]
The Aztecs [a] (/ ˈ æ z t ɛ k s / AZ-teks) were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries.
Cortés, with 508 Spaniards, did not fight alone but with as many as 150,000 or 200,000 allies from Tlaxcala, and eventually other Aztec tributary states. It was not difficult for Cortés to find allies to fight with him, the Aztecs were not generally liked by the neighboring city-states.
Aztec calendar (sunstone) Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Preclassic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic (900–1521 CE); as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and ...
Moctezuma I (c. 1398 –1469), also known as Montezuma I, Moteuczomatzin Ilhuicamina (Classical Nahuatl: Motēuczōmah Ilhuicamīna [motɛːkʷˈs̻oːmaḁ ilwikaˈmiːna]) or Huehuemoteuczoma (Huēhuemotēuczōmah [weːwemotɛːkʷˈs̻oːmaḁ]), was the second Aztec emperor and fifth king of Tenochtitlan.
The Conquest of Mexico ISBN 0-091-77629-5; (US title) Conquest: Cortés, Montezuma, and the Fall of Old Mexico (1993) ISBN 0-671-51104-1; White, Jon Manchip. Cortés and the Downfall of the Aztec Empire (1971) ISBN 0-7867-0271-0; Ward, Thomas. Formation of Latin American Nations. From Late Antiquity to Early Modernity. University of Oklahoma ...
Itzcoatl (Classical Nahuatl: Itzcōhuātl [it͡sˈkoːwaːt͡ɬ], "Obsidian Serpent", modern Nahuatl pronunciation ⓘ) (c. 1380–1440) was the fourth king of Tenochtitlan, and the founder of the Aztec Empire, ruling from 1427 to 1440.
Once established in Tenochtitlan, the Mexica built grand temples for different purposes. The Templo Mayor (Main Temple) and nearby buildings are rich in the symbolism of Aztec cosmology that linked rain and fertility, warfare, sacrifice, and imperialism with the sacred mission to preserve the sun and the cosmic order. [17]