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The rotating-wave approximation is an approximation used in atom optics and magnetic resonance. In this approximation, terms in a Hamiltonian that oscillate rapidly are neglected. This is a valid approximation when the applied electromagnetic radiation is near resonance with an atomic transition, and the intensity is low. [ 1 ]
These three approximations are called Born, Markov, and rotating wave, respectively. [8] The weak-coupling limit derivation assumes a quantum system with a finite number of degrees of freedom coupled to a bath containing an infinite number of degrees of freedom.
The rotating wave approximation may also be used. Animation showing the rotating frame. The red arrow is a spin in the Bloch sphere which precesses in the laboratory frame due to a static magnetic field. In the rotating frame the spin remains still until a resonantly oscillating magnetic field drives magnetic resonance.
Within the dipole approximation and rotating-wave approximation, the dynamics of the atomic density matrix, when interacting with laser field, is described by optical Bloch equation, whose effect can be divided into two parts: [3] optical dipole force and scattering force. [4]
Rotating wave approximation [ edit ] In RWA, when the perturbation to the two level system is H a b = V a b 2 cos ( ω t ) {\displaystyle H_{ab}={\frac {V_{ab}}{2}}\cos {(\omega t)}} , a linearly polarized field is considered as a superposition of two circularly polarized fields of the same amplitude rotating in opposite directions with ...
Some attempt has also been made to go beyond the so-called rotating-wave approximation that is usually employed (see the mathematical derivation below). [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] The coupling of a single quantum field mode with multiple ( N > 1 {\displaystyle N>1} ) two-state subsystems (equivalent to spins higher than 1/2) is known as the Dicke ...
: a rotating wave approximation of the linearized Hamiltonian, where one omits all non-resonant terms, reduces the coupling Hamiltonian to a beamsplitter operator, = († + †). This approximation works best on resonance; i.e. if the detuning becomes exactly equal to the negative mechanical frequency.
Some trajectories of a harmonic oscillator according to Newton's laws of classical mechanics (A–B), and according to the Schrödinger equation of quantum mechanics (C–H). ). In A–B, the particle (represented as a ball attached to a spring) oscillates back and fo