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Mathematical psychology is an approach to psychological research that is based on mathematical modeling of perceptual, thought, cognitive and motor processes, and on the establishment of law-like rules that relate quantifiable stimulus characteristics with quantifiable behavior (in practice often constituted by task performance).
In mathematical logic, algebraic logic is the reasoning obtained by manipulating equations with free variables.. What is now usually called classical algebraic logic focuses on the identification and algebraic description of models appropriate for the study of various logics (in the form of classes of algebras that constitute the algebraic semantics for these deductive systems) and connected ...
In the field of computer science, the method is called generate and test (brute force). In elementary algebra, when solving equations, it is called guess and check. [citation needed] This approach can be seen as one of the two basic approaches to problem-solving, contrasted with an approach using insight and theory.
The frame problem is the problem of finding adequate collections of axioms for a viable description of a robot environment. [1] John McCarthy and Patrick J. Hayes defined this problem in their 1969 article, Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence.
A typical problem in this area of mathematics is to work out whether a given number is transcendental. Cantor used a cardinality argument to show that there are only countably many algebraic numbers, and hence almost all numbers are transcendental. Transcendental numbers therefore represent the typical case; even so, it may be extremely ...
In mathematical logic, an algebraic definition is one that can be given using only equations between terms with free variables. Inequalities and quantifiers are specifically disallowed. Saying that a definition is algebraic is a stronger condition than saying it is elementary.
The candle problem or candle task, also known as Duncker's candle problem, is a cognitive performance test, measuring the influence of functional fixedness on a participant's problem solving capabilities. The test was created by Gestalt psychologist Karl Duncker [1] and published by him in 1935. [2] Duncker originally presented this test in his ...
In contrast, the algebraic model takes a more additive approach, forming impressions by separately evaluating each trait and then combining these evaluations into an overall summary. A related area to impression formation is the study of person perception , making causal attributions , and then adjusting those inferences based on the ...