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In 2010, the United States imported about 4.3 billion barrels (680,000,000 m 3) of crude oil.Add to this about 2.01 billion barrels (320,000,000 m 3) produced in the United States, and the total consumption in the United States is 6.3 billion barrels (1.00 × 10 9 m 3) of crude for 2010.
In the U.S., ethanol fuel is mainly used as an oxygenate in gasoline in the form of low-level blends up to 10 percent, and, increasingly, as E85 fuel for flex-fuel vehicles. [4] The U.S. government subsidizes ethanol production. [5] [6]
Some flexible-fuel vehicles are able to use up to 100% ethanol. Since 1976 the Brazilian government has made it mandatory to blend ethanol with gasoline, and since 2007 the legal blend is around 25% ethanol and 75% gasoline (E25). [7]
A dish of ethanol aflame. Various alcohols are used as fuel for internal combustion engines.The first four aliphatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol) are of interest as fuels because they can be synthesized chemically or biologically, and they have characteristics which allow them to be used in internal combustion engines.
Long title: An Act to move the United States toward greater energy independence and security, to increase the production of clean renewable fuels, to protect consumers, to increase the efficiency of products, buildings, and vehicles, to promote research on and deploy greenhouse gas capture and storage options, and to improve the energy performance of the Federal Government, and for other purposes.
Ethanol was preferred over methanol because there is a large support in the farming community and thanks to government's incentive programs and corn-based ethanol subsidies. [66] Sweden also tested both the M85 and the E85 flexifuel vehicles, but due to agriculture policy, in the end emphasis was given to the ethanol flexifuel vehicles. [67]
A second round of California standards, known as Low Emission Vehicle II, is timed to coordinate with the Tier 2 rollout. The PZEV and AT-PZEV ratings are for vehicles which achieve a SULEV II rating and also have systems to eliminate evaporative emissions from the fuel system and which have 150,000-mile/15-year warranties on emission-control ...
E85 pump placed at the edge of the property, outside of lit station islands, and well away from the store; or is otherwise difficult to find; E85 not advertised on any of the station's street signs or graphics; Stations place stickers on the E85 pump that say "not a [brand name] product", or inform the customer that the brand does not guarantee ...