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Ψ , the first letter of the Greek word psyche from which the term psychology is derived, is commonly associated with the field of psychology. In 1890, William James defined psychology as "the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions." [14] This definition enjoyed widespread currency for decades.
José Clemente Orozco's painting The Demagogue. A demagogue (/ ˈ d ɛ m ə ˌ ɡ ɒ ɡ /; from Ancient Greek δημαγωγός (dēmagōgós) 'popular leader, mob leader'; from Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos) 'people, populace' and ἀγωγός (agōgós) 'leading, guiding'), [1] or rabble-rouser, [2] [3] is a political leader in a democracy who gains popularity by arousing the common ...
The Rubin vase illusion, where it is ambiguous which part is the figure and which the ground Shapes which can be read as a word once the viewer recognises them as being the isolated negative spaces of a word. Figure–ground organization is a type of perceptual grouping that is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision.
An argument from authority [a] is a form of argument in which the opinion of an authority figure (or figures) is used as evidence to support an argument. [1]The argument from authority is a logical fallacy, [2] and obtaining knowledge in this way is fallible.
Joshua Tenenbaum (computer science, psychology) Hideto Tomabechi (brain science, psychophysics, bioinformatics, intelligent informatics, speech recognition, cognitive neuro-engineering) Francisco Varela (neuroscience, philosophy) Frans de Waal (ethology, primatology, psychology) Étienne Wenger (situated cognition, education)
The International Dictionary of Psychology defines "father figure" as "A man to whom a person looks up and whom he treats like a father." [4] The APA Concise Dictionary of Psychology offers a more extensive definition: "a substitute for a person's biological father, who performs typical paternal functions and serves as an object of identification and attachment.
The historical Western roots of positive psychology are found in the teachings of Aristotle, whose Nicomachean Ethics is a description of the theory and practice of human flourishing—which he referred to as eudaimonia (a Greek word literally translating to the state or condition of good spirit, and which is commonly translated as happiness or ...
Self-esteem encompasses beliefs about oneself (for example, "I am loved", "I am worthy") as well as emotional states, such as triumph, despair, pride, and shame. [1] Smith and Mackie define it by saying "The self-concept is what we think about the self; self-esteem, is the positive or negative evaluations of the self, as in how we feel about it ...