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A drum hoist (steel wire rope visible) and motor. In underground mining a hoist or winder [1] is used to raise and lower conveyances within the mine shaft.Modern hoists are normally powered using electric motors, historically with direct current drives utilizing Ward Leonard control machines and later solid-state converters (), although modern large hoists use alternating current drives that ...
An underground power line provides electrical power with underground cables. Compared to overhead power lines, underground lines have lower risk of starting a wildfire and reduce the risk of the electrical supply being interrupted by outages during high winds, thunderstorms or heavy snow or ice storms. An added benefit of undergrounding is the ...
Schematic of underground mine ventilation Ventilation fans, such as this, can be used to ventilate mines.. Underground mine ventilation provides a flow of air to the underground workers of a mine with sufficient volume to dilute and remove dust and noxious gases (typically NO x, SO 2, methane, CO 2 and CO) and to regulate temperature.
A similar development took place in the development of underground machinery. Drilling and blasting replaced manual cutting of ores. Lately, the use of continuous mining machines has become the order of the day to comply with environmental regulations, protect surface features, and also achieve an increased production rate. As the concern for ...
LHD (load, haul, dump) loaders are similar to conventional front end loaders but developed for the toughest of hard rock mining applications, keeping overall production economy, safety, and reliability in consideration. They are extremely rugged, highly maneuverable, and exceptionally productive.
1990, 7 February: Two men, a mining engineer and the managing director of a contracting company, died when a concrete block fell down the raise in the Edwards Find underground gold mine, near Marvel Loch. [61] 1989, 13 June: Six men died when a decline at Western Mining's underground Emu Mine, now the Agnew Gold Mine, flooded after heavy rain.
Underground longwall mining. Mining techniques can be divided into two common excavation types: surface mining and sub-surface (underground) mining. Today, surface mining is much more common, and produces, for example, 85% of minerals (excluding petroleum and natural gas) in the United States, including 98% of metallic ores. [45]
The overman or (in a few areas) overlooker, bailiff or gaffer was the foreman or senior underground official of a pit, immediately subordinate to the manager and under-managers. They were themselves superior to the deputies and had competence to run the whole of the underground workings in the management's absence.