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The aortic valve may need to be replaced because of aortic regurgitation (back flow), or if the valve is narrowed by stenosis. Current methods for aortic valve replacement include open-heart surgery, minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS), surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and percutaneous or transcatheter aortic valve replacement ...
Patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis have a mortality rate of approximately 50% at 2 years without intervention. [5] In patients who are deemed too high risk for open heart surgery, TAVI significantly reduces the rates of death and cardiac symptoms. [6]
If untreated, severe symptomatic aortic stenosis carries a poor prognosis, with a 2-year mortality rate of 50-60% and a 3-year survival rate of less than 30%. [63] Prognosis after aortic valve replacement for people younger than 65 is about five years less than that of the general population; for people older than 65 it is about the same.
Diagram of the human heart. Several adaptations of the Ross procedure have evolved, but the principle is essentially the same; to replace a diseased aortic valve with the person's own pulmonary valve (autograft), and replace the person's own pulmonary valve with a pulmonary valve from a cadaver (homograft) or a stentless xenograft.
Catheter replacement of the aortic valve (called trans-aortic valve replacement or implementation [TAVR or TAVI]) is a minimally invasive option for those suffering from aortic valve stenosis. TAVR is commonly performed by guiding a catheter from the groin to the narrowed valve via the aorta using realtime x-ray technology.
Guidelines and indications are specific to different patient populations. For adults with aortic stenosis, guidelines suggest that balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is to be used as a temporary procedure to improve blood flow through the aortic valve to alleviate symptoms and stabilize clinically before having more invasive procedures done, including aortic valve replacement (AVR) or ...
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