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The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a diplomatic conference to reorganise the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, which had been won by Russia against the Ottoman Empire.
It was the final act of the Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) and included the United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Chancellor of Germany Otto von Bismarck was the chairman and dominant personality.
But, in June 1878, Great Britain objected to Russia holding on to so much Ottoman territory and pressed for the great powers to enter into new negotiations under the Congress of Berlin. Article 16 was modified so that all mention of the Russian forces remaining in the provinces was removed.
The Congress resulted in the Treaty of Berlin (July 13, 1878), where Article 61, concerning the Armenians, represented a dilution of the promises outlined in Article 16 of the Treaty of San Stefano. [4] The reforms that had been promised were now the sole responsibility of the Ottoman Empire. [12]
The Congress of Berlin and After: A Diplomatic History of the Near East Settlement, 1878–1880 (Second ed.). London: Frank Cass., Focus on the aftermath. Munro, Henry F. The Berlin congress (1918) online free, 41pp of text, 600 pp of documents; Taylor, A. J. P. (1954). The struggle for mastery in Europe: 1848–1918. Oxford University Press.
The conference of Berlin, as illustrated in German newspaper Die Gartenlaube The conference of Berlin, as illustrated in Illustrirte Zeitung. The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 met on 15 November 1884 and, after an adjournment, concluded on 26 February 1885 with the signature of a General Act [1] regulating European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period.
The Berlin Memorandum was a document drawn up by the three imperial world powers in 1876 to address the Eastern Question during the Crisis of 1875-1878.The purpose of the Berlin Memorandum was for the three imperial powers of Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany to address the state of relations between the Islamic Ottoman Empire and with the Christian peoples of the Balkans, with whom these ...
The Berlin Conference may refer to: Congress of Berlin (1878), concerning the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War and the political future of the Balkans; Berlin Conference (1884–85), concerning the Scramble for Africa; Berlin Conference (1897), an international congress regarding the growing number of leprosy cases