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  2. nth root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nth_root

    If n is even, a complex number's nth roots, of which there are an even number, come in additive inverse pairs, so that if a number r 1 is one of the nth roots then r 2 = –r 1 is another. This is because raising the latter's coefficient –1 to the nth power for even n yields 1: that is, (–r 1) n = (–1) n × r 1 n = r 1 n.

  3. Rationalisation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalisation_(mathematics)

    In elementary algebra, root rationalisation (or rationalization) is a process by which radicals in the denominator of an algebraic fraction are eliminated.. If the denominator is a monomial in some radical, say , with k < n, rationalisation consists of multiplying the numerator and the denominator by , and replacing by x (this is allowed, as, by definition, a n th root of x is a number that ...

  4. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    If exponentiation is considered as a multivalued function then the possible values of (−1 ⋅ −1) 1/2 are {1, −1}. The identity holds, but saying {1} = {(−1 ⋅ −1) 1/2 } is incorrect. The identity ( e x ) y = e xy holds for real numbers x and y , but assuming its truth for complex numbers leads to the following paradox , discovered ...

  5. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

    In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and logarithm. [2] The term "arithmetic" has its root in the Latin term "arithmetica" which derives from the Ancient Greek words ἀριθμός (arithmos), meaning "number", and ἀριθμητική τέχνη (arithmetike tekhne), meaning "the art of counting". [3]

  6. Elementary algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_algebra

    Algebraic expression notation: 1 – power (exponent) 2 – coefficient 3 – term 4 – operator 5 – constant term – constant – variables. A coefficient is a numerical value, or letter representing a numerical constant, that multiplies a variable (the operator is omitted).

  7. Algebraic operation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_operation

    [8] [9] In programming languages such as Ada, [10] Fortran, [11] Perl, [12] Python [13] and Ruby, [14] a double asterisk is used, so x 2 is written as x ** 2. The plus–minus sign , ±, is used as a shorthand notation for two expressions written as one, representing one expression with a plus sign, the other with a minus sign.

  8. Slide rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule

    Inverting this process allows square roots to be found, and similarly for the powers 3, 1/3, 2/3, and 3/2. Care must be taken when the base, x, is found in more than one place on its scale. For instance, there are two nines on the A scale; to find the square root of nine, use the first one; the second one gives the square root of 90.

  9. Quadratic formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_formula

    The roots of the quadratic function y = ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ x 2 − 3x + ⁠ 5 / 2 ⁠ are the places where the graph intersects the x-axis, the values x = 1 and x = 5. They can be found via the quadratic formula. In elementary algebra, the quadratic formula is a closed-form expression describing the solutions of a quadratic equation.