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In Internet networking, a private network is a computer network that uses a private address space of IP addresses.These addresses are commonly used for local area networks (LANs) in residential, office, and enterprise environments.
Thus, for a large number of UDP packets, the victimized system will be forced into sending many ICMP packets, eventually leading it to be unreachable by other clients. The attacker(s) may also spoof the IP address of the UDP packets, ensuring that the excessive ICMP return packets do not reach them, and anonymizing their network location(s).
SIADDR (Server IP address: 0xC0A80101 or 192.168.1.1) 52 416 GIADDR (Gateway IP address: 0x00000000) 56 448 ... If that server is down or unreachable, ...
At AS1, it will either be dropped or a destination unreachable ICMP message will be sent back, depending on the configuration of AS1's routers. If AS1 later decides to drop the route 172.16.0.0 / 16, leaving 172.16.0.0 / 18, 172.16.64.0 / 18, and 172.16.128.0 / 18, the number of routes AS1 announces drops to three.
ping is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It is available for virtually all operating systems that have networking capability, including most embedded network administration software.
In Internet Protocol version 4 networks, broadcast addresses are special values in the host-identification part of an IP address.The all-ones value was established as the standard broadcast address for networks that support broadcast. [1]
A gateway is a network node that serves as an access point to another network, often involving not only a change of addressing, but also a different networking technology.
A residential gateway is a small consumer-grade gateway which bridges network access between connected local area network (LAN) hosts to a wide area network (WAN) (such as the Internet) via a modem, or directly connects to a WAN (as in EttH), while routing.