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Aerial view of the Ford Arizona Proving Ground. Latitude and longitude: The Arizona Proving Ground opened in 1985. The Proving Ground consists of 1,498 acres (6.06 km 2) located less than one hour northwest of the Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport at an elevation of 1,650 feet (500 m).
Vehicle emissions inspection station in Wisconsin. Arizona – biennially, in Phoenix and Tucson metro areas only, depending on age and type of vehicle. [28]California – biennially for all vehicles from out-of-state, regardless of age; and all vehicles made after 1975 which are more than six years old in all or some zip codes in 41 out of 58 counties.
Prior to 2004 emission testing included 1966 and newer model year automobiles – 1984 calendar year phased in the use of an acceleration simulated mode test criteria – a 1998 state law made pre-1973 automobiles exempt from emission testing where it temporarily included a 30-year rolling chassis exemption which was repealed in 2006 where 1976 ...
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The authors emphasized that vehicles contribute merely about 1% to California’s total direct fine particulate matter emissions, with a significant portion originating from older models, as per ...
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The "10 - 15 Mode Hot Cycle" test, used to determine individual fuel economy ratings and emissions observed from the vehicle being tested, use a specific testing regime. [ 41 ] [ 42 ] [ 43 ]
Five stops are included, idling occurs 19 percent of the time and acceleration of 5.1 mph/sec is achieved. Engine temperatures begin warm. The cycle represents a 3.6 mile (5.8 km) route with an average speed of 21.6 miles/h (34.8 km/h), maximum speed 54.8 miles/h (88.2 km/h), and a duration of 596 seconds.