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EAX mode (encrypt-then-authenticate-then-translate [1]) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data algorithm designed to simultaneously provide both authentication and privacy of the message (authenticated encryption) with a two-pass scheme, one pass for achieving privacy and one for authenticity for each block.
Authenticated Encryption (AE) is an encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message is impossible to understand without the knowledge of a secret key [1]) and authenticity (in other words, it is unforgeable: [2] the encrypted message includes an authentication tag that the sender can calculate only while possessing the ...
The current cellular location of the phone (i.e., which BTS it is at) is entered into the VLR record and will be used during a process called paging when the GSM network wishes to locate the mobile phone. Every SIM card contains a secret key, called the Ki, which is used to provide authentication and encryption services.
CAVE-based authentication is a security protocol used to verify access in CDMA2000 1X, a type of third-generation mobile network system.The term "CAVE" stands for Cellular Authentication and Voice Encryption, which is the algorithm used to perform the authentication process. [1]
As the name suggests, CCM mode combines counter (CTR) mode for confidentiality with cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) for authentication. These two primitives are applied in an "authenticate-then-encrypt" manner: CBC-MAC is first computed on the message to obtain a message authentication code (MAC), then the message and the MAC are encrypted using counter mode.
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This feature permits higher throughput than encryption algorithms. GCM is defined for block ciphers with a block size of 128 bits. Galois message authentication code (GMAC) is an authentication-only variant of the GCM which can form an incremental message authentication code. Both GCM and GMAC can accept initialization vectors of arbitrary length.
Sometimes the old "turn it off and on again" actually works. In this case, try completely signing out of your account then sign back in. Many times, this will help, especially in cases of bad passwords or some simple browser issues.