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In the 1960s the froth flotation technique was adapted for deinking recycled paper. [citation needed] The success of the process is evinced by the number of claimants as "discoverers" of flotation. In 1961, American engineers celebrated "50 years of flotation" and enshrined James Hyde and his Butte & Superior mill.
And in 1923, Minerals Separation staff chemists in the San Francisco office, Cornelius Keller and Carl Lewis under director Edward H. Nutter, perfected the use of chemical xanthates, replacing the use of oil and easing the workings in the froth cells. The firm moved into research for the use of flotation in nonmetals as well, such as potash.
Initial concentration techniques included hand-sorting [11] and gravity concentration. These resulted in high losses of copper. Consequently, the development of the froth flotation process was a major step forward in mineral processing. [12]
Diagram of a froth flotation cell. Froth flotation was adapted from the flotation process used in the mining industry in the 1960s. It is the most common deinking process in Europe used to recover recycled paper. Often most of the collector is added to the inlet of the flotation. The process temperatures are normally in the range 45 - 55 °C.
Froth flotation cells used to concentrate copper and nickel sulfide minerals. Froth flotation is an important concentration process. This process can be used to separate any two different particles and operated by the surface chemistry of the particles. In flotation, bubbles are introduced into a pulp and the bubbles rise through the pulp. [19]
Gaudin (left) with Professor Douglas W Fuerstenau in Berkeley in June 1965, one year before his retirement from MIT. Antoine Marc Gaudin (August 8, 1900 – August 23, 1974) was a metallurgist who laid the foundation for understanding the scientific principles of the froth flotation process in the minerals industry.
Carrie Jane Everson (born Rebecca Jane Billings; 27 August 1842–3 November 1914) was an American who invented and patented processes for extracting valuable minerals from ore using froth floatation. [1] The Mining Journal noted in 1916 that "as a metallurgist she was a quarter of a century in advance of her profession." [2]
The ore is comminuted and the cobalt rich oxides are separated by froth flotation. The cobalt-bearing concentrate is then mixed with lime and coal, and then melted in a reducing atmosphere. Iron and lighter impurities float to the surface as solid dross or are expelled from the melt as gas.