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Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. [2] [3] It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889. [4]
Nanowires also show other peculiar electrical properties due to their size. Unlike single wall carbon nanotubes, whose motion of electrons can fall under the regime of ballistic transport (meaning the electrons can travel freely from one electrode to the other), nanowire conductivity is strongly influenced by edge effects.
When the electric field approaches the breakdown field, the electrons gain enough energy between collisions to ionize the gas atoms, knocking an electron off the atom. At the breakdown field, there is a balance between the production of new electrons (due to impact ionization) and the loss of electrons (due to attachment).
Electrical breakdown in an electric discharge showing the ribbon-like plasma filaments from a Tesla coil.. In electronics, electrical breakdown or dielectric breakdown is a process that occurs when an electrically insulating material (a dielectric), subjected to a high enough voltage, suddenly becomes a conductor and current flows through it.
One consequence of this quantization is that the classical formula for calculating the electrical resistance of a wire, R = ρ l A , {\displaystyle R=\rho {\frac {l}{A}},} is not valid for quantum wires (where ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the material's resistivity , l {\displaystyle l} is the length, and A {\displaystyle A} is the cross ...
Most types of molecular wires are derived from organic molecules. One naturally occurring molecular wire is DNA.Prominent inorganic examples include polymeric materials such as Li 2 Mo 6 Se 6 [1] and Mo 6 S 9−x I x, [2] [3] [4] [Pd 4 (CO) 4 (OAc) 4 Pd(acac) 2], [5] and single-molecule extended metal atom chains (EMACs) which comprise strings of transition metal atoms directly bonded to each ...
In an alternative approach, [4] Nanosys uses solution based deposition and alignment processes to pattern pre-fabricated arrays of nanowires on a substrate to serve as a lateral channel of an FET. While not capable of the same scalability as single nanowire FETs, the use of pre-fabricated multiple nanowires for the channel increases reliability ...
The nanowires are sensitive to detect trace biomarkers that diffuse into the IV line through blood which can monitor kidney or organ failure. These nanowires would allow for continuous biomarker measurement, which provides some benefits in terms of temporal sensitivity over traditional biomarker quantification assays such as ELISA.