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Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAITP, NAIT, NATP or NAT) is a disease that affects babies in which the platelet count is decreased because the mother's immune system attacks her fetus' or newborn's platelets. A low platelet count increases the risk of bleeding in the fetus and newborn.
Thrombocytopenia affects a few newborns, and its prevalence in neonatal intensive care units is high. Normally, it is mild and resolves without consequences. Most cases affect preterm birth infants and result from placental insufficiency and/or fetal hypoxia.
The hemolytic process can result in anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal thrombocytopenia, and neonatal neutropenia. [7] With the use of RhD Immunoprophylaxis, (commonly called Rhogam), the incidence of anti-D has decreased dramatically and other alloantibodies are now a major cause of HDN. [12]
Neonatal infections are infections of the neonate (newborn) acquired during prenatal development or within the first four weeks of life. [1] Neonatal infections may be contracted by mother to child transmission , in the birth canal during childbirth , or after birth. [ 2 ]
Less than 100 cases of Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia have been reported, although the incidence of CAMT is most likely underestimated because isolated CAMT may be misdiagnosed as neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. There is a slight female in preponderance in CAMT. [3]
Therefore, ITP is a significant cause of fetal and neonatal immune thrombocytopenia. Approximately 10% of newborns affected by ITP will have platelet counts <50,000/uL and 1% to 2% will have a risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, comparable to that of infants with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). [64] [65]
Chakravorty S, Roberts I. "How I manage neonatal thrombocytopenia". British Journal of Haematology, 2012. [15] Roberts IA. "The changing face of haemolytic disease of the newborn". Early Human Development, 2008. [16] Roberts IA, Murray NA. "Neonatal thrombocytopenia". Current Hematology Reports, 2006. [17] Halsey C, Roberts IA.
Thrombocytes - as thrombocytopenia is one of the complications of HDN, the thrombocyte count should be checked. [9] Bilirubin should be tested from cord blood. [5] Ferritin - because most infants affected by HDN have iron overload, ferritin levels must be measured before giving the infant any additional iron. [11]