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Cladistia is a clade of bony fishes whose only living members are the bichirs of tropical Africa. [1] Their major synapomorphies are a heterocercal tail in which the dorsal fin has independent rays, and a posteriorly elongated parasphenoid.
Actinopterygii (/ ˌ æ k t ɪ n ɒ p t ə ˈ r ɪ dʒ i aɪ /; from actino- 'having rays' and Ancient Greek πτέρυξ (ptérux) 'wing, fins'), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish [2] that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. [3]
Fossil of Chondrosteus acipenseroides from Lyme Regis Strongylosteus hindenburgi fossil from Posidonia Shale, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. Chondrosteidae / ˌ k ɒ n d r oʊ s t i ˈ aɪ d iː / is a family of extinct marine actinopterygian fishes, known from the Early Jurassic of Europe.
Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Euteleostomi ( Eu- teleostomi [ a ] , where Eu- comes from Greek εὖ 'well, good' [ b ] or Euteleostomes , also known as "bony vertebrates " [ c ] ) is a successful clade that includes more than 90% of the living species of vertebrates.
Chondrostei is a group of non-neopterygian ray-finned fish.While the term originally referred to the paraphyletic grouping of all non-neopterygian ray-finned fish, it was redefined by Patterson in 1982 to be a clade comprising the Acipenseriformes (which includes sturgeon and paddlefish) and their extinct relatives.
The tree of life or universal tree of life is a metaphor, conceptual model, and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living and extinct, as described in a famous passage in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). [1]
The notochord, usually only found in fish embryos, is unconstricted and retained throughout life. [6] The premaxilla and maxilla bones of the skull present in other vertebrates have been lost. While larvae and early juvenile acipenseriforms have teeth, the adults are toothless, or nearly so.
Acanthopterygii (meaning "spiny finned one") is a superorder of bony fishes in the class Actinopterygii.Members of this superorder are sometimes called ray-finned fishes for the characteristic sharp, bony rays in their fins; however this name is often given to the class Actinopterygii as a whole.
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