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Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances called pollutants in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. [1]
The air quality in Malaysia is reported as the API (Air Pollutant Index) or in Malay as IPU (Indeks Pencemaran Udara). Four of the index's pollutant components (i.e., carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide) are reported in ppmv but PM 2.5 particulate matter is reported in μg/m 3.
(a) Carbon in various forms (e.g., CO2, carbon dioxide; CH4, methane) is transferred among different pools and exchanged across interfaces between land, air, and ocean in coastal regions. (b) Carbon forms include dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), organic matter (OM), particulate organic matter (POM), dissolved organic matter (DOM), and ...
The air within an inversion aloft is very stable with very little vertical motion. Any rising parcel of air within the inversion soon expands, thereby adiabatically cooling to a lower temperature than the surrounding air and the parcel stops rising. Any sinking parcel soon compresses adiabatically to a higher temperature than the surrounding ...
Air pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m 3, μg/m 3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude. The concentration decrease is directly proportional to the pressure decrease with increasing altitude.
Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) have a relatively short lifetime in the atmosphere – a few days to a few decades – and a powerful warming influence on climate.. The main short-lived climate pollutants are black carbon, methane and tropospheric ozone, which are the most important contributors to the human enhancement of the global greenhouse effect after C
Air pollution is among the biggest health problems of modern industrial society and is responsible for more than 10 percent of all deaths worldwide (nearly 4.5 million premature deaths in 2019), according to The Lancet. Air pollution can affect nearly every organ and system of the body, negatively affecting nature and humans alike.
Up to 30 % of Europeans living in cities are exposed to air pollutant levels exceeding EU air quality standards. Around 98 % of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of air pollutants deemed damaging to health by the World Health Organization's more stringent guidelines even before they were adjusted to latest scientific data to be ...