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  2. Period 4 element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_4_element

    A period 4 element is one of the chemical elements in the fourth row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements.The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall ...

  3. Period (periodic table) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)

    Period 4 includes the biologically essential elements potassium and calcium, and is the first period in the d-block with the lighter transition metals. These include iron , the heaviest element forged in main-sequence stars and a principal component of the Earth, as well as other important metals such as cobalt , nickel , and copper .

  4. List of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements

    The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements, whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding developments of modern chemistry.

  5. Periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

    Periodic table of the chemical elements showing the most or more commonly named sets of elements (in periodic tables), and a traditional dividing line between metals and nonmetals. The f-block actually fits between groups 2 and 3 ; it is usually shown at the foot of the table to save horizontal space.

  6. Vanadium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium

    Vanadic acid, H 3 VO 4, exists only at very low concentrations because protonation of the tetrahedral species [H 2 VO 4] − results in the preferential formation of the octahedral [VO 2 (H 2 O) 4] + species. [38] In strongly acidic solutions, pH < 2, [VO 2 (H 2 O) 4] + is the predominant species, while the oxide V 2 O 5 precipitates from ...

  7. Calcium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium

    Period: period 4: Block ... Like the other elements placed in group 2 of the periodic table, calcium has two valence electrons in the outermost s-orbital, ...

  8. Germanium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium

    Period: period 4: Block p-block ... Because this new element showed some similarities with the elements arsenic and antimony, its proper place in the periodic table ...

  9. Iron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron

    Period: period 4: Block ... 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, ...