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The percentage is a mass concentration, so a 5% glucose/dextrose solution contains 50 g/L of glucose/dextrose (5 g per 100 ml). This usage is imprecise but widely used, as discussed at Mass concentration (chemistry) § Usage in biology. Glucose provides energy 4 kcal/gram, so a 5% glucose solution provides 0.2 kcal/ml.
These pharmacological interventions include administering Non-medicated intravenous fluids (e.g. 0.9% normal saline) Sublingual nitroglycerin (service-supplied without needing medical direction) Epinephrine 1:1,000 for anaphylaxis and epinephrine 1:10,000 for cardiac arrest; Dextrose 50%, dextrose 25%, and glucagon for hypoglycemia
dextrose 5% in lactated Ringer's solution (intravenous sugar solution) D5NS dextrose 5% in normal saline (0.9%) (intravenous sugar solution) D5W, D 5 W dextrose 5% in water (intravenous sugar solution) D10W, D 10 W dextrose 10% in water (intravenous sugar solution) da da: give DAW dispense as written (i.e., no generic substitution)
Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others, [1] is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. [8] It is a short-acting β 2 adrenergic receptor agonist that causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle . [ 8 ]
LABAs are designed to reduce the need for shorter-acting β 2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), as they have an approximately twelve-hour duration of action, compared to about five hours for salbutamol, making them candidates for sparing high doses of corticosteroids [citation needed] or treating nocturnal asthma and providing ...
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY is an open-access website, acting as a portal to information on the biological targets of licensed drugs and other small molecules. The Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (with GtoPdb being the standard abbreviation) is developed as a joint venture between the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) and the British Pharmacological Society (BPS).
[1] [4] [5] It contains ipratropium (an anticholinergic) and salbutamol (albuterol, a β 2-adrenergic agonist). [1] Common side effects include sore throat, muscle cramps, and nausea. [1] Other side effects may include bronchospasm, allergic reactions, and upper respiratory tract infections. [1] Safety in pregnancy is unclear. [6] [1]
The [A] at which E is 50% of E max is termed the half maximal effective concentration and is abbreviated EC 50, or rarely [A] 50. The term "potency" refers to the EC 50 value. The lower the EC 50 , the less the concentration of a drug is required to produce 50% of maximum effect and the higher the potency.
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