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  2. Chirography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirography

    Chirography (from Greek χείρ hand) is the study of penmanship and handwriting in all of its aspects. History. According to Georges Jean (1992, p. 12 ...

  3. Chirograph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirograph

    A more restricted use of the term is to describe a papal decree whose circulation—unlike an encyclical—is limited to the Roman curia. [6]Pope Francis on 26 June 2013 used a chirograph to set up a Commission to investigate the decisions and underlying investments of the Institute for the Works of Religion (the so-called "Vatican Bank").

  4. Glossary of biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

    This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...

  5. Chronobiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronobiology

    Chronobiology comes from the ancient Greek χρόνος (chrónos, meaning "time"), and biology, which pertains to the study, or science, of life. The related terms chronomics and chronome have been used in some cases to describe either the molecular mechanisms involved in chronobiological phenomena or the more quantitative aspects of ...

  6. Chirality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality

    In biology, homochirality is a common property of amino acids and carbohydrates. The chiral protein-making amino acids, which are translated through the ribosome from genetic coding, occur in the L form. However, D-amino acids are also found in nature. The monosaccharides (carbohydrate-units) are commonly found in D-configuration.

  7. Biological rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_rules

    The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.

  8. Entrainment (chronobiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrainment_(chronobiology)

    In the study of chronobiology, entrainment refers to the synchronization of a biological clock to an environmental cycle.An example is the interaction between circadian rhythms and environmental cues, such as light and temperature.

  9. Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiomorphy_and_symplesio...

    Phylogenies showing the terminology used to describe different patterns of ancestral and derived trait states. [1] Imaginary cladogram. [2] The yellow mask is a plesiomorphy for each living masked species, because it is ancestral. [2]