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Map of the Fertile Crescent A 15th century copy of Ptolemy's fourth Asian map, depicting the area known as the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent (Arabic: الهلال الخصيب) is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, together with northern Kuwait, south-eastern Turkey, and western Iran.
The Chalcolithic is part of prehistory, but based on archaeological evidence, the emergence of the first state societies can be inferred, notably in the Fertile Crescent (notably Sumer) Predynastic Egypt, and Proto-Minoan Crete, with late Neolithic societies of comparable complexity emerging in the Indus Valley , China, and along the north ...
Being part of the Fertile Crescent, the river system is recognized as the site of one of the world's first agricultural centers, with archeological sites containing preserved grain dating up to 12,500 years ago. [10] The river system was used by major cities including Ur and Babylon to promote trade and the sharing of cultures. [11]
STORY: The Middle East's Fertile Crescent is drying up.It's an arc sweeping from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf - nourished by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers...Location: Aleppo countryside ...
It is because of this that the Fertile Crescent region, and Mesopotamia in particular, are often referred to as the cradle of civilization. [21] The period known as the Ubaid period (c. 6500 to 3800 BC) is the earliest known period on the alluvial plain, although it is likely earlier periods exist obscured under the alluvium.
The Fertile Crescent saw the rise and fall of many great civilizations that made the region one of the most vibrant and colorful in history, including empires like that of the Assyrians and Babylonians, and influential trade kingdoms, such as the Lydians and Phoenicians. In Anatolia, the Hittites were probably the first people to use iron weapons.
The Fertile Crescent was inhabited by several distinct, flourishing cultures between the end of the last ice age (c. 10,000 BC) and the beginning of history. One of the oldest known Neolithic sites in Mesopotamia is Jarmo , settled around 7000 BC and broadly contemporary with Jericho (in the Levant ) and Çatalhöyük (in Anatolia ).
When the great wave of Mexican immigration poured over into El Norte during the Mexican Revolution, war-torn refugees fleeing a decade of violence did not encounter a monolithic American culture.