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The simplest phase diagrams are pressure–temperature diagrams of a single simple substance, such as water. The axes correspond to the pressure and temperature . The phase diagram shows, in pressure–temperature space, the lines of equilibrium or phase boundaries between the three phases of solid , liquid , and gas .
Phase diagram of water On a pressure/temperature phase diagram (see figure), there are curves separating solid from vapor, vapor from liquid, and liquid from solid. These meet at a single point called the triple point , where all three phases can coexist.
English: Phase diagram of water as a log-lin chart with pressure from 1 Pa to 1 TPa and temperature from 0 K to 660 K, compiled from data in and . Note that the phases of Ice X and XI (hexagonal) differ from the diagram in .
A typical phase diagram.The solid green line applies to most substances; the dashed green line gives the anomalous behavior of water. In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. [1]
The solid phase of water is known as ice and commonly takes the structure of hard, amalgamated crystals, such as ice cubes, or loosely accumulated granular crystals, like snow. Aside from common hexagonal crystalline ice, other crystalline and amorphous phases of ice are known. The gaseous phase of water is known as water vapor (or steam ...
An alternative formulation of the phase diagram for certain ices and other phases of water [13] Ice, water, and water vapour can coexist at the triple point , which is exactly 273.16 K (0.01 °C) at a pressure of 611.657 Pa .
Water phase diagram. Y-axis=Pressure in pascals (10 n). X-axis=Temperature in kelvins. S=Solid; L=Liquid; V=Vapour, CP=Critical Point, TP=Triple Point: Date: September 2006: Source: Own work: Author: Eurico Zimbres: Permission (Reusing this file) Free for all use: Other versions: phase diagram with description but without units of measurement
Data in the table above is given for water–steam equilibria at various temperatures over the entire temperature range at which liquid water can exist. Pressure of the equilibrium is given in the second column in kPa. The third column is the heat content of each gram of the liquid phase relative to water at 0 °C.