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Models of disability are analytic tools in disability studies used to articulate different ways disability is conceptualized by individuals and society broadly. [1] [2] Disability models are useful for understanding disagreements over disability policy, [2] teaching people about ableism, [3] providing disability-responsive health care, [3] and articulating the life experiences of disabled people.
The medical model of disability, or medical model, is based in a biomedical perception of disability. This model links a disability diagnosis to an individual's physical body. The model supposes that a disability may reduce the individual's quality of life and aims to correct or diminish the disability with medical intervention. [1] It is often ...
The consumer model of disability is based upon the "rights-based" model and claims that disabled people should have equal rights and access to products, goods, and services offered by businesses. The consumer model extends the rights-based model by proposing that businesses, not only accommodate customers with disabilities under the ...
Disability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability.Initially, the field focused on the division between "impairment" and "disability", where impairment was an impairment of an individual's mind or body, while disability was considered a social construct. [1]
The social model of disability diverges from the dominant medical model of disability, which is a functional analysis of the body as a machine to be fixed in order to conform with normative values. [1] The medical model of disability carries with it a negative connotation, with negative labels associated with disabled people. [2]
Others like the Spinal Cord Independence Measure are designed to evaluate participants in a specific type of disability. Most models of health care service use ADL evaluations in their practice, including the medical (or institutional) models, such as the Roper–Logan–Tierney model of nursing, and the resident-centered models, such as the ...
Person-centred planning (PCP) is a set of approaches designed to assist an individual to plan their life and supports. [1] It is most often used for life planning with people with learning and developmental disabilities, though recently it has been advocated as a method of planning personalised support with many other sections of society who find themselves disempowered by traditional methods ...
John O'Brien is a leading thinker who has written widely in the field of disability. [2] [3] He is a pioneer and lifelong advocate of Person Centred Planning. [4] To this end, he was co-developer of two models for person centred planning, namely the McGill Action Planning System (MAPS) [5] and Planning Alternative Tomorrows with Hope (PATH). [6]