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A graph of the A-, B-, C- and D-weightings across the frequency range 10 Hz – 20 kHz Video illustrating A-weighting by analyzing a sine sweep (contains audio). A-weighting is a form of frequency weighting and the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level. [1]
In music, dynamic range describes the difference between the quietest and loudest volume of an instrument, part or piece of music. [49] In modern recording, this range is often limited through dynamic range compression , which allows for louder volume, but can make the recording sound less exciting or live.
When music is broadcast over radio, the station applies its own signal processing, further reducing the dynamic range of the material to closely match levels of absolute amplitude, regardless of the original recording's loudness. [41] Competition for listeners between radio stations has contributed to a loudness war in radio broadcasting. [42]
For compliance purposes, readings with an ANSI Type 2 sound level meter and dosimeter are considered to have an accuracy of ±2 dBA, while a Type 1 instrument has an accuracy of ±1 dBA. A Type 2 meter is the minimum requirement by OSHA for noise measurements and is usually sufficient for general-purpose noise surveys.
In music, the dynamics of a piece are the variation in loudness between notes or phrases.Dynamics are indicated by specific musical notation, often in some detail.However, dynamics markings require interpretation by the performer depending on the musical context: a specific marking may correspond to a different volume between pieces or even sections of one piece.
Music power has been making a comeback in recent years. See also Audio power . Power specifications require the load impedance to be specified, and in some cases two figures will be given (for instance, the output power of a power amplifier for loudspeakers will be typically measured at 4 and 8 ohms ).
The horizontal axis shows frequency in Hertz. In acoustics, loudness is the subjective perception of sound pressure.More formally, it is defined as the "attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which sounds can be ordered on a scale extending from quiet to loud". [1]
Exposure to loud music can lead to a range of hearing problems such as noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus and hyperacusis. Here are some commonly quoted comparisons of sound levels: 0 dB(A) - the lowest sound level a person with normal hearing can detect [4] 20 dB(A) - a quiet room at night; 60 dB(A) - ordinary spoken conversation