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Industrialization in Germany was the phase of the breakthrough of industrialization in Germany, beginning at the time from around 1815 to 1835. [1] [2] This period was preceded by the periods of pre-industrialization and early industrialization. In general, the decades between the 1830s and 1873 are considered the phase of industrial take off.
The government played a powerful role in the industrialization of the German Empire founded by Otto von Bismarck in 1871 during a period known as the Second Industrial Revolution. It supported not only heavy industry but also crafts and trades because it wanted to maintain prosperity in all parts of the empire.
Friedrich Harkort (February 22, 1793, Hagen - March 6, 1880), known as the "Father of the Ruhr," was an early prominent German industrialist and pioneer of industrial development in the Ruhr region. [1] In 1819, he founded the first industrial workshop at Castle Wetter.
The German revolutions of 1848–1849 failed but the Industrial Revolution modernized the German economy, leading to rapid urban growth and the emergence of the socialist movement. Prussia, with its capital Berlin, grew in power. German universities became world-class centers for science and humanities, while music and art flourished.
The Crystal Palace Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations, London, 1851 Early industrialisation in Germany, the city of Barmen in 1870. Painting by August von Wille. Aplerbecker Hütte, an industrialised area of Dortmund, Germany, c. 1910. The United Kingdom was the first country in the world to industrialise. [6]
Industrialization in the 19th century, especially since the Gründerzeit and the foundation of the German Empire in 1871, brought with it increased urbanization in Germany, leading to a largely urbanized society. The following tables show historical population figures of German cities according to the respective area status.
In the 1830s, there were some 1,850 mechanical looms in the city, giving work to 6,500 weavers. By 1850, the area of Aachen had taken the lead in Germany in the production of textiles, with 17,800 workers employed. [15] Aachen was a hub for industrial textile production in 1911, with 103 active cloth factories.
Migration to Germany was a way to avoid conscription and participation in the war. State-employed Germans such as judges, prosecutors, teachers and officials left as Poland did not renew their employment contracts. German industrial workers also left due to fear of lower-wage competition. Many Germans became economically dependent on Prussian ...