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Ecce Homo, Caravaggio, 1605. Ecce homo (/ ˈ ɛ k s i ˈ h oʊ m oʊ /, Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈettʃe ˈomo], Classical Latin: [ˈɛkkɛ ˈhɔmoː]; "behold the man") are the Latin words used by Pontius Pilate in the Vulgate translation of the Gospel of John, when he presents a scourged Jesus, bound and crowned with thorns, to a hostile crowd shortly before his crucifixion (John 19:5).
John 19 is the nineteenth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that John composed this Gospel. [1] This chapter records the events on the day of the crucifixion of Jesus, until his burial. [2]
It is mentioned in the gospels of Matthew (Matthew 27:29), [1] Mark (Mark 15:17) [2] and John (John 19:2, 19:5), [3] and is often alluded to by the early Church Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria, Origen and others, along with being referenced in the apocryphal Gospel of Peter.
The initialism INRI (Latin: Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum) represents the Latin inscription (in John 19:19 and Matthew 27:37), which in English translates to "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews", and John 19:20 states that this was written in three languages—Jewish tongue, [a] Latin, and Hellenic (ΙΝΒΙ = Ιησούς Ναζωραίος ...
Michael Licona suggests that John has redacted Jesus' authentic statements as recorded in Matthew, Mark and Luke. Where Matthew and Mark have Jesus quote Psalm 22:1, John records that "in order that the Scripture may be fulfilled, Jesus said, 'I am thirsty'." Jesus' final words as recorded in Luke are simplified in John into "It is finished." [12]
Sheen sees an echo of the Protevangelium of Genesis 3:15 "I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers", [h] marking the commencement of Jesus' redemptive ministry. [5] Jesus will again address her as "Woman" in John 19:26, [i] when he entrusts his mother to his disciple John, "Woman, behold, your son." [3]
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Lithostrōtos (lit. ' stone pavement ', from lithos ‘stone’ and strōtos στρωτός ‘covered’) [1] occurs in the Bible only once, in John 19:13. [2] [3] It states that Pontius Pilate "brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat, in the place that is called Lithostrotos, and in Hebrew Gabbatha."