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While the Poincaré–Bendixson theorem shows that a continuous dynamical system on the Euclidean plane cannot be chaotic, two-dimensional continuous systems with non-Euclidean geometry can still exhibit some chaotic properties. [46] Perhaps surprisingly, chaos may occur also in linear systems, provided they are infinite dimensional. [47]
Chaotic maps often occur in the study of dynamical systems. Chaotic maps and iterated functions often generate fractals . Some fractals are studied as objects themselves, as sets rather than in terms of the maps that generate them.
The first 4 are avalilable also in standard linear systems, oscillations between two values are available too under resonance, chaotic systems though have typically a large range of resonance conditions. The other ones instead are peculiar to chaos.
Much of modern research is focused on the study of chaotic systems and bizarre systems. This field of study is also called just dynamical systems, mathematical dynamical systems theory or the mathematical theory of dynamical systems. A chaotic solution of the Lorenz system, which is an example of a non-linear dynamical system.
In systems theory, a linear system is a mathematical model of a system based on the use of a linear operator. Linear systems typically exhibit features and properties that are much simpler than the nonlinear case. As a mathematical abstraction or idealization, linear systems find important applications in automatic control theory, signal ...
In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. [1] [2] Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, [3] [4] [5] physicists, [6] [7] mathematicians, and many other scientists since most systems are inherently nonlinear in nature. [8]
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A real dynamical system, real-time dynamical system, continuous time dynamical system, or flow is a tuple (T, M, Φ) with T an open interval in the real numbers R, M a manifold locally diffeomorphic to a Banach space, and Φ a continuous function. If Φ is continuously differentiable we say the system is a differentiable dynamical system.