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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC [1]) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. [2] HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. [3]
Liver cell adenomatosis is associated with liver dysfunction and higher rates of bleeding than hepatic adenomas alone. [7] Available evidence suggests that bleeding occurs in approximately 63% of patients with liver cell adenomatosis. [11] Liver cell adenomatosis is also associated with becoming hepatocellular carcinoma. [11]
The most frequent liver cancer, accounting for approximately 75% of all primary liver cancers, is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). [15] HCC is a cancer formed by liver cells, known as hepatocytes, that become malignant. In terms of cancer deaths, worldwide HCC is considered the 3rd most common cause of cancer mortalities. [16]
Chronic liver disease in the clinical context is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. [1] "Chronic liver disease" refers to disease of the liver which lasts over a period of six months.
The most frequent forms are metastatic malignant neoplasm of liver) liver cell carcinoma hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatoma; cholangiocarcinoma; hepatoblastoma; angiosarcoma of liver; Kupffer cell sarcoma; other sarcomas of liver; Benign neoplasm of liver include hepatic hemangiomas, hepatic adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).
Primary liver cancer most commonly manifests as hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma; rarer forms include angiosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma of the liver. (Many liver malignancies are secondary lesions that have metastasized from primary cancers in the gastrointestinal tract and other organs, such as the kidneys, lungs.) [16]
Worldwide hepatitis C is the cause of 27% of cirrhosis cases and 25% of hepatocellular carcinoma. [24] About 10–30% of those infected develop cirrhosis over 30 years. [ 5 ] [ 16 ] Cirrhosis is more common in those also infected with hepatitis B , schistosoma , or HIV, in alcoholics , and in those of male sex. [ 16 ]
Symptoms include vague abdominal pain, nausea, abdominal fullness, malaise and weight loss. They may also include a palpable liver mass. [14] Other presentations include jaundice, ascites, fulminant liver failure, encephalopathy, gynecomastia (males only), thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs, recurrent deep vein thrombosis, anemia and hypoglycemia.