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An advance-fee scam is a form of fraud and is a common confidence trick. The scam typically involves promising the victim a significant share of a large sum of money, in return for a small up-front payment, which the fraudster claims will be used to obtain the large sum.
The scam involves requiring an advance fee before the payment can take place, for example a "court fee". [ 94 ] The red flag in the 'recovery scam' is that the supposed investigative agency, unsolicited, approaches the victim. [ 95 ]
Scam baiting (or scambaiting) is a form of internet vigilantism primarily used towards advance-fee fraud, IRS impersonation scams, technical support scams, [1] pension scams, [2] and consumer financial fraud. [1]
A lottery scam is a type of advance-fee fraud which begins with an unexpected email notification, phone call, or mailing (sometimes including a large check) explaining that "You have won!" a large sum of money in a lottery.
The Cameroonian non-delivery scam is something totally different again and not a 419-scam, yet still advance fee fraud. Likewise we see the South African tender scam which originated due to the cross pollination of expats from the Cameroon and Nigeria evolve a unique modus operandi that where South African business were vulnerable.
Review Fraud – Alex Copola Podgor, Ellen S. Criminal Fraud, (1999) Vol, 48, No. 4 American Law Review 1. The Nature, Extent and Economic Impact of Fraud in the UK. February, 2007. The Fraudsters – How Con Artists Steal Your Money. ISBN 978-1-903582-82-4 by Eamon Dillon, published September 2008 by Merlin Publishing; Zhang, Yingyu.
A scam, or a confidence trick, is an attempt to defraud a person or group after first gaining their trust. Confidence tricks exploit victims using a combination of the victim's credulity , naivety , compassion , vanity , confidence , irresponsibility , and greed .
The miracle cars scam was an advance-fee scam run from 1997 to 2002 by Californians James R. Nichols and Robert Gomez. In its run of just over four years, over 4,000 people bought 7,000 cars that did not exist, netting over US$ 21 million from the victims.