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RFC 1918 – Address Allocation for Private Internets; RFC 2036 – Observations on the use of Components of the Class A Address Space within the Internet; RFC 7020 – The Internet Number Registry System; RFC 2101 – IPv4 Address Behaviour Today; RFC 2663 – IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considerations
Used for link-local addresses [5] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255
The IP address of a public server is also important, similar in global uniqueness to a postal address or telephone number. Both IP address and port number must be correctly known by all hosts wishing to successfully communicate. Private IP addresses as described in RFC 1918 are usable only on private networks not directly connected to the internet.
Carrier-grade NAT. Carrier-grade NAT (CGN or CGNAT), also known as large-scale NAT (LSN), is a type of network address translation (NAT) used by ISPs in IPv4 network design. With CGNAT, end sites, in particular residential networks, are configured with private network addresses that are translated to public IPv4 addresses by middlebox network address translator devices embedded in the network ...
RFC 2045 RFC 2046 RFC 2047 RFC 2049 Network address translation: RFC 1631, RFC 2663, RFC 2993, RFC 3022, RFC 3027, RFC 3234, RFC 3489, RFC 4787, RFC 5389 Network File System: RFC 1094, RFC 1813 (v.3), RFC 3010 (v.4), RFC 3530 (v.4), RFC 7530 (v.4) Network News Transfer Protocol: RFC 977, RFC 3977 Network Time Protocol
A public IP address is a globally routable unicast IP address, meaning that the address is not an address reserved for use in private networks, such as those reserved by RFC 1918, or the various IPv6 address formats of local scope or site-local scope, for example for link-local addressing. Public IP addresses may be used for communication ...
For example, to find the domain name associated with the IP address 203.0.113.22, one would send a PTR query for 22.133.0.203.in-addr.arpa. Misconfigured hosts [ 5 ] often send reverse DNS queries for private addresses to the public DNS.
This means that 256 /8 address blocks fit into the entire IPv4 space. As IPv4 address exhaustion has advanced to its final stages, some organizations, such as Stanford University , formerly using 36.0.0.0 / 8 , have returned their allocated blocks (in this case to APNIC ) to assist in the delay of the exhaustion date.