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  2. Sputum culture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputum_culture

    A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria [1] or fungi that infect the lungs or breathing passages. Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the adjacent airways. Normally, fresh morning sample is preferred for the bacteriological examination of sputum. [ 2 ]

  3. Community-acquired pneumonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community-acquired_pneumonia

    Several tests can identify the cause of CAP. Blood cultures can isolate bacteria or fungi in the bloodstream. Sputum Gram staining and culture can also reveal the causative microorganism. In severe cases, bronchoscopy can collect fluid for culture. Special tests, such as urinalysis, can be performed if an uncommon microorganism is suspected.

  4. Pneumonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia

    Initial work identifying the two common bacterial causes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, was performed by Carl Friedländer [154] and Albert Fraenkel [155] in 1882 and 1884, respectively. Friedländer's initial work introduced the Gram stain, a fundamental laboratory test still used today to identify and categorize bacteria.

  5. Bronchoalveolar lavage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoalveolar_lavage

    Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), also known as bronchoalveolar washing, is a diagnostic method of the lower respiratory system in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into an appropriate airway in the lungs, with a measured amount of fluid introduced and then collected for examination.

  6. Lower respiratory tract infection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_respiratory_tract...

    A systematic review of 32 randomised controlled trials with 6,078 participants with acute respiratory infections compared procalcitonin (a blood marker for bacterial infections) to guide the initiation and duration of antibiotic treatment, against no use of procalcitonin. Among 3,336 people receiving procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy ...

  7. Bacterial pneumonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_pneumonia

    Bacteria typically enter the lung with inhalation, though they can reach the lung through the bloodstream if other parts of the body are infected. Often, bacteria live in parts of the upper respiratory tract and are continuously being inhaled into the alveoli , the cavities deep in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

  8. Pulmonary function testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_function_testing

    Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. [1]

  9. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_avium...

    MAC bacteria should always be considered in a person with HIV infection presenting with diarrhea. [citation needed] The diagnosis requires consistent symptoms with two additional signs: [citation needed] Chest X-ray or CT scan showing evidence of right middle lobe (or left lingular lobe) lung infection