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The tympanic nerve (Jacobson's nerve) is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve passing through the petrous part of the temporal bone to reach the middle ear. It provides sensory innervation for the middle ear, the Eustachian tube, the parotid gland, and mastoid cells. It also carries parasympathetic fibers destined for the parotid gland.
The tympanic reflex helps prevent damage to the inner ear by muffling the transmission of low frequency vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. The reflex has a response time of 40 milliseconds, not fast enough to protect the ear from sudden loud noises such as an explosion or gunshot.
The potassium rich fluid is toxic to the neuronal endings and can damage hearing of the entire ear. If the endolymph fluid mixes with the fluid on the basal domain the neurons become depolarized, causing complete hearing loss. In addition to complete hearing loss, if the area is not sealed and leakage continues further tissue damage will occur.
Similar studies have shown a possible link between that hearing loss and neuropathy (nerve damage). Tumor Cerebellopontine angle tumour (junction of the pons and cerebellum ) – The cerebellopontine angle is the exit site of both the facial nerve (CN7) and the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8).
Auditory neuropathy a disorder of poor speech perception even though the tympanic membrane, middle ear structures, and cochlear nerve are intact. [29] [30] People with auditory neuropathy may have normal hearing or hearing loss ranging from mild to severe. Inherited disorders People with Down syndrome are more likely to have hearing loss. [31]
Injury to the chorda tympani nerve leads to loss or distortion of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue. [13] However, taste from the posterior 1/3 of tongue (supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve) remains intact. The chorda tympani appears to exert a particularly strong inhibitory influence on other taste nerves, as well as on pain fibers in the ...
Research also shows that lidocaine can help ease nerve pain in people with conditions like diabetes-related nerve damage, complex regional pain syndrome, cancer, and pain after breast surgery.
Hyperacusis is an increased sensitivity to sound and a low tolerance for environmental noise. Definitions of hyperacusis can vary significantly; it often revolves around damage to or dysfunction of the stapes bone, stapedius muscle or tensor tympani ().
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