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The US government conquered the Black Hills and forcibly relocated the Lakota, following the Great Sioux War of 1876, to five smaller reservations in western South Dakota, selling off 9 million acres (36,000 km 2) of their former land. Unlike most of South Dakota, the Black Hills were settled primarily by European Americans from population ...
The Black Hills, the United States' oldest mountain range, [11] is 125 miles (201 km) long and 65 miles (105 km) wide stretching across South Dakota and Wyoming. [12] The Black Hills derived its name from the black image that is produced by the "thick forest of pine and spruce trees" that covers the hills and was given the name by the Native Americans belonging to the Lakota (Sioux). [13]
A 1911 ad offering former reservation land for sale. Most of the "allotted Indian land" sold the previous year (1910) was Sioux land. As more settlers and gold miners encroached upon the Black Hills, the Government determined it had to acquire the land from the Sioux, and appointed a commission to negotiate the purchase. [9]
The Black Hills had been guaranteed to the Lakota Nation by the Fort Laramie Treaty, but the land was stolen for its gold. [ 4 ] A trio of mining entrepreneurs, George Hearst , Lloyd Tevis , and James Ben Ali Haggin , bought the claim from Manuel, Manuel, Engh, and Harney for $70,000 in 1877 (~$1.85 million in 2023).
The government believed that the Dawes Act (1887), which attempted to move the Indians from hunting to farming, in theory, meant that they needed less land (but in reality was an economic disaster for them) and that at least half was available for sale. Congress approved an offer of $1.25 per acre ($3.1/ha) for reservation land (a figure they ...
1877 cessions of Sioux land. Under a new treaty of 1877, the United States Congress forced the Sioux to cede a strip of land along the western border of Dakota Territory 50 miles (80 km) wide, plus all land west of the Cheyenne and Belle Fourche rivers, including all of the Black Hills in modern South Dakota.
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