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The facial skeleton comprises the facial bones that may attach to build a portion of the skull. [1] The remainder of the skull is the neurocranium . In human anatomy and development, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the membranous viscerocranium , which comprises the mandible and dermatocranial elements that are not part of the braincase.
The skull is composed of three types of bone: cranial bones, facial bones and ossicles, which is made up of a number of fused flat and irregular bones. The cranial bones are joined at firm fibrous junctions called sutures and contains many foramina, fossae, processes, and sinuses.
The maxilla is a paired bone - the two maxillae unite with each other at the intermaxillary suture. The maxilla consists of: [5] Inferior surface of maxilla. The body of the maxilla: pyramid-shaped; has an orbital, a nasal, an infratemporal, and a facial surface; contains the maxillary sinus. Four processes: the zygomatic process; the frontal ...
the cranium (8 bones: frontal, 2-parietal, occipital, 2-temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid), and; the facial bones (14 bones: 2-zygomatic, 2-maxillary, 2-palatine, 2-nasal, 2-lacrimal, vomer, 2-inferior conchae, mandible). The occipital bone joins with the atlas near the foramen magnum, a large hole at the base of the skull. The atlas joins with the ...
The sphenoid bone is in red (directly in the middle of the orbital cavity) Wedge-shaped sphenoid bone seen laterally. It is divided into the following parts: a median portion, known as the body of sphenoid bone, containing the sella turcica, which houses the pituitary gland as well as the paired paranasal sinuses, the sphenoidal sinuses [5]
The mastoid process is located posterior and inferior to the ear canal, lateral to the styloid process, and appears as a conical or pyramidal projection. It forms a bony prominence behind and below the ear. [1] It has variable size and form (e.g. it is larger in the male than in the female). It is also filled with sinuses, or mastoid cells.
The maxillary sinuses, the largest of the paranasal sinuses, are under the eyes, in the maxillary bones (open in the back of the semilunar hiatus of the nose). They are innervated by the maxillary nerve (CN V2). [2] The frontal sinuses, superior to the eyes, in the frontal bone, which forms the hard part of the forehead.
Frontal sinus. Each frontal sinus is situated between the external and internal plates of the frontal bone. [1] [2] Their average measurements are as follows: height 28 mm, breadth 24 mm, depth 20 mm, creating a space of 6-7 ml. [3]