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Thiazide (/ ˈ θ aɪ ə z aɪ d /) refers to both a class of sulfur-containing organic molecules [1] and a class of diuretics based on the chemical structure of benzothiadiazine. [2] The thiazide drug class was discovered and developed at Merck and Co. in the 1950s. [ 3 ]
Contraindications [ edit ] Thiazide diuretics increase the excretion of sodium and potassium ions and decrease the excretion of calcium ions and uric acid so they are contraindicated in patients with hyponatraemia , hypokalaemia , hypercalcaemia and hyperuricaemia .
The thiazide diuretics also deplete circulating potassium unless combined with a potassium-sparing diuretic or supplemental potassium. Some authors have challenged thiazides as first line treatment. [55] [56] [57] However, as the Merck Manual of Geriatrics notes, "thiazide-type diuretics are especially safe and effective in the elderly." [58]
As with other thiazide diuretics, chlortalidone crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk. [49] Chlortalidone may suppress lactation, and has been used for this indication. Due to its long half-life, chlortalidone may accumulate in newborns via breast milk, despite receiving only about 6% of the maternal weight-adjusted dose. [50]
All thiazide diuretics including hydrochlorothiazide can inhibit excretion of uric acid by the kidneys, thereby increasing serum concentrations of uric acid. This may increase the incidence of gout in doses of ≥ 25 mg per day and in more susceptible patients such as male gender of <60 years old. [23] [24] [25] Hyperglycemia, high blood sugar
Here’s what to keep in mind about type 2 diabetes medications used to support weight loss and weight loss injections: Weight loss injections are safe and effective when used as prescribed .
The thiazides and potassium-sparing diuretics are considered to be calcium-sparing diuretics. [6] The thiazides cause a net decrease in calcium lost in urine. [7] The potassium-sparing diuretics cause a net increase in calcium lost in urine, but the increase is much smaller than the increase associated with other diuretic classes. [7]
“Just as much as the GLP-1s are a diabetes drug and a weight loss medicine, they are brain drugs, too,” says Rekha Kumar, MD, an endocrinologist at New York-Presbyterian and Weill Cornell ...