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  2. Nebular hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis

    The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular theory is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or solar nebular model. [1] It offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation.

  3. Protoplanetary disk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk

    As this collapsing cloud, called a solar nebula, becomes denser, random gas motions originally present in the cloud average out in favor of the direction of the nebula's net angular momentum. Conservation of angular momentum causes the rotation to increase as the nebula radius decreases. This rotation causes the cloud to flatten out—much like ...

  4. Formation and evolution of the Solar System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of...

    The Solar System travels alone through the Milky Way in a circular orbit approximately 30,000 light years from the Galactic Center. Its speed is about 220 km/s. The period required for the Solar System to complete one revolution around the Galactic Center, the galactic year, is in the range of 220–250 million years. Since its formation, the ...

  5. Solar System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System

    Diagram of the early Solar System's protoplanetary disk, out of which Earth and other Solar System bodies formed. The Solar System formed at least 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud. [b] This initial cloud was likely several light-years across and probably birthed several stars. [14]

  6. Frost line (astrophysics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_line_(astrophysics)

    In astronomy or planetary science, the frost line, also known as the snow line or ice line, is the minimum distance from the central protostar of a solar nebula where the temperature is low enough for volatile compounds such as water, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide to condense into solid grains, which will allow their accretion into planetesimals.

  7. Accretion (astrophysics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)

    The initial collapse of a solar-mass protostellar nebula takes around 100,000 years. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Every nebula begins with a certain amount of angular momentum . Gas in the central part of the nebula, with relatively low angular momentum, undergoes fast compression and forms a hot hydrostatic (non-contracting) core containing a small fraction of ...

  8. Planetesimal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetesimal

    Planetesimals that have survived to the current day are valuable to science because they contain information about the formation of the Solar System. Although their exteriors are subjected to intense solar radiation that can alter their chemistry, their interiors contain pristine material essentially untouched since the planetesimal was formed.

  9. Origin of water on Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_water_on_Earth

    Most deuterium was created in the Big Bang or in supernovae, so its uneven distribution throughout the protosolar nebula was effectively "locked in" early in the formation of the Solar System. [34] By studying the different isotopic ratios of Earth and of other icy bodies in the Solar System, the likely origins of Earth's water can be researched.