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Thus HIV infection can only be diagnosed by PCR testing for HIV RNA or DNA, ... Changes in life expectancy in some African countries, 1960–2012.
The HIV epidemic in Eswatini has reduced its life expectancy at birth to 49 for men and 51 for women (based on 2009 data). [97] Life expectancy at birth in 1990 was 59 for men and 62 for women. [ 98 ]
And antiviral treatment has changed HIV from a death sentence in the early '80s to people with HIV now having a normal life expectancy. People with HIV on antiviral drugs can safely have babies ...
HIV infection is becoming endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, which is home to just over 12% of the world's population but two-thirds of all people infected with HIV. [38] As of 2022, it is estimated that the adult HIV prevalence rate is 6.2%, a 1.2% increase from data reported in the 2011 UNAIDS World Aids Day Report.
Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [1] [2] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [3] Without treatment, the average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. [4]
Public spending on tackling HIV/AIDS was minimal by today's standards and remained so until 1997. Consequently, while life expectancy in Botswana stood at 65 years in 1990, it was estimated to have fallen to 57 years by 1997 and to just 35 years in 2005. [8] However, after the 2011 census life expectancy was revised upwards to 54.5 years. [9]
The figures reflect the quality of healthcare in the countries listed as well as other factors including HIV infections. From the beginning of the current century there is a tendency to also estimate healthy life expectancy (HALE), the average number of years that a person can expect to live in "full health". [2] [3]
The main mode of HIV transmission occurs through heterosexual activity, which is linked to 87% of cases. The most affected age groups are women aged 20 to 29 and men aged 30 to 39. Life expectancy in the DR Congo dropped 9% in the 1990s as a result of HIV/AIDS. [8]