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A red–black tree plotted by Graphviz Undirected graph showing adjacency of the 48 contiguous United States A visualization of a JavaScript life cycle made by using Graphviz Graphviz (short for Graph Visualization Software ) is a package of open-source tools initiated by AT&T Labs Research for drawing graphs (as in nodes and edges , not as in ...
In modern public-finance literature, a whole economy of the tax system has developed (tax system economics), which can be defined as "the overall management of public revenue of a state or integration grouping's public revenues and expenditures in order to shape smart economic policies that stimulates economic growth and development and ...
DOT is a graph description language, developed as a part of the Graphviz project. DOT graphs are typically stored as files with the .gv or .dot filename extension — .gv is preferred, to avoid confusion with the .dot extension used by versions of Microsoft Word before 2007.
In a progressive tax system, the tax is levied on income or profit based on a rate schedule that increases as income or profit increases. This is in stark contrast to a regressive tax system, where the tax is charged as a percentage of the asset purchased or owned by the taxpayer, regardless of their income or ability to pay. [28] [29] [30] [31]
Joel Slemrod in his paper "Optimal Taxation and Optimal Tax System", argues that optimal tax theory, as it stood when Slemrod wrote this paper, was an insufficient guide to determine tax policies because policymakers had yet to find a way to implement a tax system that enticed individuals to work at their optimal level. [17]
The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act implemented by the Trump administration resulted in slashing the corporate tax rate by 14%, cutting individual income tax rates and increasing the standard deduction.
A lump-sum tax is a special way of taxation, based on a fixed amount, rather than on the real circumstance of the taxed entity. [1] In this, the entity cannot do anything to change their liability. [2] In contrast with a per unit tax, lump-sum tax does not increase in size as the output increases. [3]
If tax efficiency needs to be assessed, tax cost must be taken into account, including administrative costs and excessive tax burden also known as the dead weight loss of taxation (DWL). Direct administrative costs include state administration costs for the organisation of the tax system, for the evidence of taxpayers, tax collection and control.