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The Constitution of Qatar (Arabic: دستور قطر Dastūr Qatar) is the supreme law of the State of Qatar. [1] It came into effect on 9 April 2004. [ 2 ] The constitution was overwhelmingly approved , with almost 98% in favour.
The state of human rights in Qatar is a concern for several non-governmental organisations, such as the Human Rights Watch (HRW), which reported in 2012 that hundreds of thousands of mostly South Asian migrant workers in construction in Qatar risk serious exploitation and abuse, sometimes amounting to forced labour.
According to Qatar's Constitution, Sharia law is the main source of Qatari legislation, [129] [130] although in practice Qatar's legal system is a mixture of civil law and Sharia. [ 131 ] [ 132 ] Sharia is applied to family law, inheritance, and several criminal acts (including adultery, robbery, and murder).
Sharia law is a main source of Qatari legislation according to Qatar's constitution. [4] [5] Sharia, derived from the Arabic term meaning 'the path to follow,' supposedly constitutes a divine revelation conveyed by God to the Prophet Muhammad, the eminent figure in the establishment of Islam, during the year AD 570.
A referendum took place in Qatar on 5 November 2024 regarding the new revisions to the 2004 constitution. Some of the changes include strengthening the role of the emir and abolishment of the elections to the Consultative Assembly with its members being appointed instead. The referendum results will be legally binding. [1] [2] [3]
In Qatar, the Constitution, as well as certain laws, provide for freedom of association, public assembly, and worship in accordance with the requirements of public order and morality. Notwithstanding this, the law prohibits proselytizing by non-Muslims and places some restrictions on public worship. Islam is the state religion.
Lawful residence in the State of Qatar for no less than 25 consecutive years before applying for citizenship. Availability of legitimate means to earn one's living and meet one's needs. Good conduct and behavior, in addition to absence of previous conviction by final ruling in a crime of dishonor or mistrust, whether inside or outside Qatar.
A referendum to approve a new constitution was held in Qatar on 29 April 2003. The constitution was overwhelmingly approved, with over 98% in favour. The population of the country was estimated to be around 790,000 at the time of the referendum with only 85,000 registered voters (because the majority of the population are foreign workers).