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  2. Nucleoside - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoside

    Nucleosides are glycosylamines that can be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group. A nucleoside consists simply of a nucleobase (also termed a nitrogenous base) and a five-carbon sugar ( ribose or 2'-deoxyribose) whereas a nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.

  3. Nucleic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid

    Well-studied biological nucleic acid molecules range in size from 21 nucleotides (small interfering RNA) to large chromosomes (human chromosome 1 is a single molecule that contains 247 million base pairs [18]). In most cases, naturally occurring DNA molecules are double-stranded and RNA molecules are single-stranded. [19]

  4. Nucleotide base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_base

    These were the fundamental molecules that combined in series to form RNA. Molecules as complex as RNA must have arisen from small molecules whose reactivity was governed by physico-chemical processes. RNA is composed of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, both of which are necessary for reliable information transfer, and thus Darwinian evolution.

  5. Nucleoside transporter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoside_transporter

    Nucleoside transporters (NTs) are a group of membrane transport proteins which transport nucleoside substrates like adenosine across the membranes of cells and/or vesicles. [1] There are two known types of nucleoside transporters, concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs; SLC28) and equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs; SLC29), as ...

  6. Nucleotidase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotidase

    A new class of nucleotidases called IMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase has been recently defined. 5'-Nucleotidases are involved in varied functions like cell–cell communication, nucleic acid repair, purine salvage pathway for the synthesis of nucleotides, signal transduction, membrane transport, etc.

  7. Nuclear transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_transport

    Macromolecules, such as RNA and proteins, are actively transported across the nuclear membrane in a process called the Ran-GTP nuclear transport cycle. G-proteins are GTPase enzymes that bind to a molecule called guanosine triphosphate (GTP) which they then hydrolyze to create guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and release energy. The RAN enzymes ...

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  9. Nucleoside triphosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoside_triphosphate

    Nucleic acid synthesis is catalyzed by either DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase for DNA and RNA synthesis respectively. [16] These enzymes covalently link the free -OH group on the 3’ carbon of a growing chain of nucleotides to the α-phosphate on the 5’ carbon of the next (d)NTP, releasing the β- and γ-phosphate groups as pyrophosphate ...