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  2. Sympathoadrenal system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathoadrenal_system

    Beginning in the sympathetic nervous system, an external stimulus affects the adrenal medulla and causes a release of catecholamines. The sympathoadrenal system is a physiological connection between the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal medulla and is crucial in an organism's physiological response to outside stimuli. [1]

  3. Adrenal medulla - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_medulla

    It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. [1] It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines, including epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and a small amount of dopamine, in response to stimulation by sympathetic ...

  4. Sympathetic nervous system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system

    Little changed until the Renaissance when Bartolomeo Eustacheo (1545) depicted the sympathetic nerves, the vagus and adrenal glands in anatomical drawings. Jacobus Winslow (1669–1760), a Danish-born professor working in Paris, popularised the term 'sympathetic nervous system' in 1732 to describe the chain of ganglia and nerves which were ...

  5. Adrenal gland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland

    Adrenal glands, anterior (left) and posterior (right) surface. The adrenal glands are located on both sides of the body in the retroperitoneum, above and slightly medial to the kidneys. In humans, the right adrenal gland is pyramidal in shape, whereas the left is semilunar or crescent shaped and somewhat larger. [8]

  6. Neuroendocrine cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_cell

    An example of a neuroendocrine cell is a cell of the adrenal medulla (innermost part of the adrenal gland), which releases adrenaline to the blood. The adrenal medullary cells are controlled by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. These cells are modified postganglionic neurons. Autonomic nerve fibers lead directly to them ...

  7. Lateral grey column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_grey_column

    The lumbar splanchnic nerves from the upper two lumbar segments synapse in the abdomen on the inferior mesenteric ganglia, associated with the inferior mesenteric artery. [5] In addition, some thoracic fibers in the splanchnic nerves innervate the adrenal medulla, a ganglion in the abdomen that mediates the sympathetic response to stress. [2]

  8. Thoracic splanchnic nerves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_splanchnic_nerves

    It also provides sympathetic innervation to the adrenal medulla, stimulating catecholamine release. It may provide sensory innervation to the pancreas. [1] Lesser splanchnic nerve [1] [2] T9–T12 [1] T9–T12 T9–T10 T10–T12 T10–T11 [3] The lesser splanchnic nerve travels inferiorly, lateral to the greater splanchnic nerve.

  9. Postganglionic nerve fibers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postganglionic_nerve_fibers

    In the sympathetic division, neurons are mostly adrenergic (that is, epinephrine and norepinephrine function as the primary neurotransmitters). Notable exceptions to this rule include the sympathetic innervation of sweat glands and arrectores pilorum muscles where the neurotransmitter at both pre and post ganglionic synapses is acetylcholine.