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The beak, bill, or rostrum is ... join distally (the exact location of the joint depends on the species) ... The culmen is the dorsal ridge of the upper mandible. [10
Measuring the culmen. The upper margin of the beak or bill is referred to as the culmen.The measurement is taken using calipers with one jaw at the tip of the upper mandible and the other at the base of the bill (at the junction with the skull, a measurement called "total culmen") or where the feathers begin (a measurement called "exposed culmen").
The colour of a bird's beak results from concentrations of pigments—primarily melanins and carotenoids—in the epidermal layers, including the rhamphotheca. [39] In general, beak colour depends on a combination of the bird's hormonal state and diet. Colours are typically brightest as the breeding season approaches and palest after breeding. [40]
In anatomy, the tomium is the sharp cutting edge of the beak [1] [2] of a bird [3] or the bill of a turtle. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Sometimes the edge is serrated for tearing through flesh or vegetation. [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
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A culmen is a top, a summit or a culminating point. It may also refer to: Culmen (bird), the upper ridge of a bird's beak; Culmen (cerebellum), a structure in the brain
[8] [nb 1] Its beak is short and pointed, with a slightly curved culmen. [8] On average, its beak is smaller than that of the medium ground finch , but there is a significant overlap in size between the two, particularly on islands where only one of the two species exists.
The culmen of the beak was almost straight above the nostril, and the nasal bone was slightly longer than the cranium. The beak was up to 77 mm (3.0 in) long, the lower jaw up to 98 mm (3.9 in) long, and 8 mm (0.31 in) at its greatest depth. The narial (nostril) opening was very long, 66% of the rostrum's length.