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  2. List of rock types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

    The following is a list of rock types recognized by geologists. There is no agreed number of specific types of rock. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe a rock type. Additionally, different classification systems exist for each major type of rock. [1]

  3. List of minerals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals

    This is a list of minerals which have Wikipedia articles. Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species .

  4. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

    The use of rock has had a huge impact on the cultural and technological development of the human race. Rock has been used by humans and other hominids for at least 2.5 million years. [22] Lithic technology marks some of the oldest and continuously used technologies. The mining of rock for its metal content has been one of the most important ...

  5. Lithology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithology

    Physical characteristics include colour, texture, grain size, and composition. [1] [2] [3] Lithology may refer to either a detailed description of these characteristics, or a summary of the gross physical character of a rock. Examples of lithologies in the second sense include sandstone, slate, basalt, or limestone. [4]

  6. Folk classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_classification

    Folk's carbonate rock classification details the relative proportions of allochems in the rock and the type of matrix. The classification scheme covers most common carbonate rocks , however the more inclusive although less precise alternative, Dunham classification , may be preferred in some instances.

  7. Metamorphism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphism

    The greyish rock on top is the igneous intrusion, consisting of porphyritic granodiorite from the Henry Mountains laccolith, and the pinkish rock on the bottom is the sedimentary country rock, a siltstone. In between, the metamorphosed siltstone is visible as both the dark layer (~5 cm thick) and the pale layer below it.

  8. Facies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facies

    A facies encompasses all the characteristics of a rock including its chemical, physical, and biological features that distinguish it from adjacent rock. [ 2 ] The term "facies" was introduced by the Swiss geologist Amanz Gressly in 1838 and was part of his significant contribution to the foundations of modern stratigraphy , [ 3 ] which replaced ...

  9. Native element mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_element_mineral

    Native element minerals are those elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure. The elemental class includes metals, intermetallic compounds, alloys, metalloids, and nonmetals. The Nickel–Strunz classification system also includes the naturally occurring phosphides, silicides, nitrides, carbides, and ...

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