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A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure used to block some electromagnetic fields. A Faraday shield may be formed by a continuous covering of conductive material, or in the case of a Faraday cage, by a mesh of such materials. Faraday cages are named after scientist Michael Faraday, who first constructed one in 1836. [1]
The door of a microwave oven has a screen built into the window. From the perspective of microwaves (with wavelengths of 12 cm) this screen finishes a Faraday cage formed by the oven's metal housing. Visible light, with wavelengths ranging between 400 nm and 700 nm, passes easily through the screen holes.
The best way to wire shielded cables for screening is to ground the shield at both ends of the cable. [6] Traditionally there existed a rule of thumb to ground only the source end of the shield to avoid ground loops. Best practice is to ground at both ends, but there is a possibility of ground loops.
The terms "Faraday cage" and "Faraday screen" mean exactly the same thing. For things like high-security computers, etc., that need to be protected from electromagnetic waves entering or leaving them (leaking out), they are put into rooms whose walls contain metal screens, similar to chicken wire or window screens built in.
Shielding makes use of the electrical principle of the Faraday cage. The cable is encased for its entire length in foil or wire mesh. All wires running inside this shielding layer will be to a large extent decoupled from external electrical fields, particularly if the shield is connected to a point of constant voltage, such as earth or ground.
Alternatively it is sometimes located at the base of the mast, with the transmitter room surrounded by a Faraday shield of copper screen to keep radio waves out. The current from the transmitter is delivered to the mast through a feedline , a specialized cable ( transmission line ) for carrying radio frequency current.
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TEMPEST (Telecommunications Electronics Materials Protected from Emanating Spurious Transmissions [1]) is a U.S. National Security Agency specification and a NATO certification [2] [3] referring to spying on information systems through leaking emanations, including unintentional radio or electrical signals, sounds, and vibrations.
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