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Stephen Edelston Toulmin (/ ˈ t uː l m ɪ n /; 25 March 1922 – 4 December 2009) was a British philosopher, author, and educator.Influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein, Toulmin devoted his works to the analysis of moral reasoning.
Toulmin believed that reasoning is less an activity of inference, involving the discovering of new ideas, and more a process of testing and sifting already existing ideas—an act achievable through the process of justification. Toulmin believed that for a good argument to succeed, it needs to provide good justification for a claim.
A Toulmin argument diagram, redrawn from his 1959 Uses of Argument A generalised Toulmin diagram. Stephen Toulmin, in his groundbreaking and influential 1958 book The Uses of Argument, [20] identified several elements to an argument which have been generalized. The Toulmin diagram is widely used in educational critical teaching.
The good reasons approach is a meta-ethical theory that ethical conduct is justified if the actor has good reasons for that conduct. The good reasons approach is not opposed to ethical theory per se, but is antithetical to wholesale justifications of morality and stresses that our moral conduct requires no further ontological or other foundation beyond concrete justifications.
Stephen Toulmin Toulmin was a philosopher whose Uses of Argument is an important text in modern rhetorical theory and argumentation theory. [113] Richard M. Weaver Weaver was a rhetorical and cultural critic known for his contributions to the new conservatism.
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Toulmin model; Wooden iron; Rhetoric is the application of language in order to instruct and to persuade the listener and the reader. It is the knowledge (grammar ...